The robot carries a row of light sensors across its front. From their readings it estimates where the black line lies relative to the center of the array. I call that ...

PID control is a commonly used control algorithm. Elektor's new book is an excellent resource for anyone looking to use a Raspberry Pi 4 or an Arduino Uno in PID-based automatic control applications.

Arduino PID Line Follower — Two Approaches A tutorial for anyone learning to build a PID line-following robot, a classic entry point into self-driving control. It covers two control approaches that go ...