Cardiac output monitoring forms a cornerstone of haemodynamic management in critically ill patients, offering real-time insight into global blood flow and guiding fluid, vasopressor and inotropic ...

Cardiac power output (CPO) represents the hydraulic energy generated by the heart and is calculated as the product of cardiac output and mean arterial pressure. As an integrative measure of ...

Impedance cardiography shows moderate correlation with thermodilution for cardiac output and stroke volume in PAH patients. The study supports impedance cardiography's potential to identify low-risk ...